Knee Condition

Recuurent Patellar Instability and Dislocation

Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment Options

When the kneecap slips out of its groove — partly or completely — it can be alarming and tends to recur. Understanding why it happens points the way to the right treatment.

Dr. Yousef Muhammad

German Board-Certified Consultant Knee & Shoulder Surgeon

German Board-Certified Orthopaedic Surgeon
DKG Certified Knee Surgeon
AGA Certified Arthroscopic Surgeon
GOTS Certified Sports Physician
FIFA Diploma in Football Medicine
International Experience (Germany & GCC)
Former Chief of Orthopaedic Surgery (Germany)
14+ Years of Experience

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The kneecap normally glides up and down a groove (the trochlea) at the front of the thigh bone. In patellar instability, it slides out of that groove — usually towards the outer side — either partially (a subluxation) or completely (a dislocation).

Treatment

1. Signs & Symptoms

The kneecap visibly shifting — to the side, then often snapping back.

Rehabilitation

2. Treatment Options

reatment depends on the severity of instability. Many patients improve with physiotherapy, quadriceps strengthening and bracing. For recurrent dislocations or ongoing instability, procedures such as MPFL reconstruction can restore stability and reduce the risk of future episodes..

“ Clinical Note from Dr. Yousef Muhammad

When the kneecap slips out of its groove — partly or completely — it can be alarming and tends to recur. Understanding why it happens points the way to the right treatment.

Dr. Yousef Muhammad

Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon

Frequently Asked Questions

How is a first-time patellar dislocation managed, and is surgery necessary?

A first-time patellar dislocation without associated cartilage fractures or loose bodies is usually managed conservatively. Treatment involves temporary immobilization, swelling reduction, and targeted physical therapy to strengthen the inner quadriceps muscle (VMO) and hip stabilizers to prevent future episodes.

How soon can I walk and bear weight after MPFL reconstruction surgery?

Patients are generally allowed protected weight-bearing with crutches and a hinged knee brace locked in extension immediately or within the first week after MPFL reconstruction. Controlled motion is gradually introduced under physical therapy to protect the new graft while restoring knee flexion.

When is MPFL reconstruction indicated for recurrent patellar dislocations?

Surgical reconstruction of the Medial Patellofemoral Ligament (MPFL) is recommended for patients with recurrent dislocations or chronic patellar instability. Rebuilding the torn MPFL provides a primary anatomical restraint, preventing the kneecap from shifting laterally during movement.

When can I return to sports safely without fear of kneecap re-dislocation?

Return to contact sports and high-impact athletic activities typically takes between 4 to 6 months post-surgery. Rebuilding full quadriceps strength, neuromuscular control, and movement confidence through functional clearance testing ensures safe athletic performance without fear of re-dislocation.

Why are MRI and CT imaging necessary to evaluate patellar instability?

Advanced imaging (MRI and CT) is essential to evaluate the MPFL condition, check for osteochondral cartilage damage, and assess underlying anatomical factors such as trochlear dysplasia (shallow groove), patella alta (high kneecap), or increased TT-TG distance before planning surgery.

Note: This information is for general education only and should not replace a consultation with your doctor.