What is total knee replacement?
In a total knee replacement, the worn cartilage and a thin layer of bone are removed from the ends of the thigh and shin bones and replaced with precisely fitted metal and high-grade plastic components. Together they recreate a smooth, pain-free gliding surface.
It is one of the most successful operations in modern medicine, with reliable, durable relief of arthritic pain and a return to comfortable everyday activity.
Who is it for?
Replacement is considered when arthritis affects the whole knee and is genuinely limiting your life despite full conservative treatment. Typical indications:
- Persistent pain that disturbs sleep or daily activities.
- Stiffness and deformity that limit walking and stairs.
- Arthritis across more than one compartment of the knee.
- Conservative measures — exercise, weight, medication — no longer enough.
How the procedure works
Through a single incision at the front of the knee, the damaged surfaces are removed and resurfaced with the implant. Modern planning — and, where appropriate, computer or robotic assistance — helps position the components accurately and balance the soft tissues, which contributes to a natural-feeling, long-lasting result.
The aim is not just a new joint, but a balanced one — aligned and tensioned to feel like your own knee, and to last for decades.
Recovery timeline
Up and moving
Most patients stand and take first steps with support on the day of, or day after, surgery.
Walking & motion
Progress from frame to sticks to independent walking; daily exercises restore bend and strength.
Independence
Return to most daily activities, driving and — for many — light work.
Full benefit
Strength and confidence continue to build; the knee keeps improving over the first year.
Risks & outcomes
The great majority of patients are highly satisfied and enjoy lasting pain relief; most modern implants last twenty years or more. As major surgery, it carries risks including infection, blood clots and stiffness, which are minimised through prophylaxis, careful technique and early mobilisation.
Most last well beyond twenty years; longevity depends on activity, weight and individual factors.
Most patients walk freely and resume low-impact activity; kneeling can feel different but is generally possible.
Usually around six weeks, once you have safe control of the leg and are off strong pain medication.