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Most ski injuries are acute, happening in a single fall or twist. Many are preventable with the right conditioning, equipment set-up and technique.

ACL and MCL tears — from twisting falls — the classic ski knee injuries. Meniscus tears — often alongside ligament damage. Skier’s thumb — a ligament injury from falling onto a planted pole. Shoulder dislocation — from falling onto an outstretched arm. Wrist and collarbone fractures — from heavy falls.

A twisting fall with knee swelling, instability or a “pop” should be assessed with an examination and usually an MRI to identify ligament and meniscus injuries, which often occur together. Thumb and shoulder injuries are assessed clinically and with X-rays or scans as needed.

Treatment depends on the structures injured, from bracing and rehabilitation to arthroscopic reconstruction. Prevention rewards preparation: Pre-season strength and conditioning for the legs. Correctly adjusted bindings that release appropriately. Skiing within your ability and fatigue limits. Learning to fall and avoiding the instinct to fully straighten the leg.

Recovery varies widely with the injury — from a few weeks for a minor sprain to several months for a reconstructed ligament. Return to skiing is guided by regained strength, control and confidence, so the knee is ready for the demands of the slope.